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Antonio Luna
Antonio Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta (29 October 1866 – 5 June 1899), an Ilocano born in Manila, was a Filipino general who fought in the Philippine–American War. He was also the founder of the Philippines's first military academy, which existed during the First Philippine Republic. He was regarded as the most brilliant of the Filipino military officers during the war. Succeeding Artemio Ricarte as commander of the Philippine Revolutionary Army, he sought to apply his background in military science to the fledgling army. A sharpshooter himself, he organized professional guerrilla soldiers later to be known as the "Luna Sharpshooters" and the "Black Guard". His three-tier defense, now known as the Luna Defense Line, gave the American troops a hard campaign in the provinces north of Manila. This defense line culminated in the creation of a military base in the Cordillera. Despite his commitment to discipline the army and serve the Republic which attracted the admiration of people, his temper caused some to abhor him.〔 His efforts were not without recognition during his time, for he was awarded the Philippine Republic Medal in 1899. He was also a member of the Malolos Congress.〔.〕 Besides his military studies, Luna also studied pharmacy, literature and chemistry.〔
== Family background ==
Antonio Luna was born on 29 October 1866 in Calle Urbiztondo, Binondo (now part of San Nicolas), Manila. He was the youngest of seven children of Joaquín Luna de San Pedro, from Badoc, Ilocos Norte,〔 and Spanish mestiza Laureana Novicio Ancheta, from Luna, La Union (formerly ''Namacpacan'').〔 His father was a traveling salesman of the government tobacco monopoly.〔.〕 The tobacco monopoly was formally established in 1782.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://nta.da.gov.ph/about_tobacco.html )〕 After their family moved to Manila in 1861, his father became a merchant in Binondo.〔 His older brother, Juan, was an accomplished painter who studied in the Madrid Escuela de Bellas Artes de San Fernando. His Spoliarium garnered one of the three gold medals awarded in the Madrid ''Exposición Nacional de Bellas Artes'' in 1884. Another brother, José, became a doctor.〔 Yet another brother, Joaquín, fought with Antonio in the Philippine-American War,〔 and later served as governor of La Union from 1904 to 1907.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.launion.gov.ph/page.php?7 )〕 Joaquín would also serve as senator from 1916 to 1919.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/senlist.asp#fourth_leg )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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